Caffeine is a methylated xenthine discovered in 1819 by Friedrich Ferdinand Runge, a German chemist. Sources of Caffeine include beans, fruit and leaves of some plants. Caffeine available for human consumption is most commonly extracted from the coffee plant cherries and tea bush leaves, as well as foods and drinks that contain products derived from the kola nut. Caffeine can temporarily reduce the sensation of being tired; however, this does not mean that it eliminates the need for sleep. Generally, twenty five to fifty milligrams of caffeine is enough for most consumers to report an increase in alertness and arousal. Caffeine should be not be consumed by those with fecal incontinence as it relaxes the internal anal sphincter muscles.

Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), which is also known under the name epigallocatechin 3-gallate, is the ester of catechin, gallic acid and epigallocatechin. It is found in tea and is believed to be one of the most important antioxidants today. Epigallocatechin 3-gallate is currently investigated for the inhibitory effects on the life cycle of HIV-1 virus, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1, which causes AIDS. Although EGCG has shown significant benefits in laboratory studies, the clinical trials on humans have not been conducted yet. The antioxidant qualities of EGCG and the associated reduction of free radicals have made epigallocatechin 3-gallate a very popular supplement, especially with the body building and athletic communities. It is furthermore suggested that EGCG has therapeutic potential with several forms of cancer and in setting of liver fibrosis.

Gelatin constitutes the shells of pharmaceutical capsules in order to make them easier to swallow. Gelatin is a translucent, colourless, brittle, nearly tasteless solid substance, extracted from the collagen inside animals' connective tissue. It has been commonly used as a gelling agent in food, pharmaceutical, photography, and cosmetic manufacturing.

Gymnema Sylvestre is an herb that has shown to reduce blood sugar and is used by some to reduce sugar cravings as it seemingly reduces the sugar taste when placed in the mouth.

Hoodia Gordonii is a succulent from the family Apocynaceae. It is a native plant of South Africa and Namibia. It is also commonly known as Bushman's Hat and Queen of the Namib. In appearance Hoodia gordonii is similar to cactus, but it has large tan colored flowers with strong smell. It has been used in traditional medicine for weight loss since a long time. It is increasingly being used in modern weight loss supplements because research has shown its appetite suppressant effects. Hoodia gordonii is not currently on the list of endangered species, but it is feared to become endangered if its excessive foraging and trade is not controlled.

Jojoba is most popularly known to produce high quality oil and is a woody bush found more commonly in the regions of northwestern Mexico, Southern Arizona and Southern California. Jojoba is found to be dioecious, which means you might find separate plants with male flowers and for female flowers. Compared to male flowers the female flowers are smaller in size and there is color difference as well. Male flowers are found to be yellow where as, female flowers are pale green in color. Jojoba oil is great for those who suffer from the problem of back acne. Jojoba oil is antibacterial in nature. Its wax esters share a great resemblance with our skin sebum and so it’s considered to be very effective.

Konjac Root, a water-soluble dietary fiber, fiber may be helpful to those trying to lose weight because it absorbs water and provides a feeling of fullness. Konjac is commonly used in traditional Asian foods such as noodles and tofu.

Magnesium Stearate is coommonly used as a filling agent in the manufacture of capsules and tablets, such as vitamins, the source of this ingredient is typically bovine. However, there is an increasing number of vegetarian options in which the product specifically indicates it contains magnesium stearate from vegetable sources.

Phaseolus Vulgaris is the scientifically appropriate name for the common bean, which is a herbaceous annual plant. Phaseolus Vulgaris exists in many varieties, from shell beans to white beans, from red kidney beans to yellow beans, pink beans to pinto beans, many of these varieties exist all around the world, in some places being an essential part of the local cuisine. Most of the beans contain a toxic lectin, phytohaemagglutinin, which needs to be either cooked or soaked away in water. In body building circles, the white kidney bean has been promoted as a healthy weight control food, moreover, offering white kidney bean extracts, which is supposed to be lipogenic. Nevertheless, any bean is a proper source of proteins, starch and dietary fiber, as well as selenium, iron, Vitamin B6 and folic acid.

Titanium Dioxide , also known as titania, has many uses. It is used as coloring or pigment, sunscreen, and in cosmetics. It has photocatalyst effect that kills bacteria and decomposes the toxins which are produced when the bacteria is killed. Its antibacterial effect is continuous even when bacteria are still propagating. It is commonly used in mineral cosmetic products which help protect the skin and fights pimples and skin imperfection. It is also an effective sun block and protects against UVA, UVB, and URA rays which cause deterioration of cells and lead to premature aging, and cancer. It also promotes healing of wounds.