GABA or gamma-aminobutyric acid is an amino acid classified as a neurotransmitter that is abundant in the brain. It balances the chemicals in the brain. It is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that keeps the balance between excitement and inhibition –that reduces anxiety, tension, stress and depression. It also helps induce relaxation and sleep. GABA also help stimulates the anterior pituitary that stimulates the production of human growth hormones. Growth Hormones give an anabolic effect which promotes the formation and building of muscles. It also has lipotropic effect that helps in weight management and prevents fat formation. GABA also has antioxidant property that slows down the aging.

Gelatin constitutes the shells of pharmaceutical capsules in order to make them easier to swallow. Gelatin is a translucent, colourless, brittle, nearly tasteless solid substance, extracted from the collagen inside animals' connective tissue. It has been commonly used as a gelling agent in food, pharmaceutical, photography, and cosmetic manufacturing.

Magnesium Stearate is coommonly used as a filling agent in the manufacture of capsules and tablets, such as vitamins, the source of this ingredient is typically bovine. However, there is an increasing number of vegetarian options in which the product specifically indicates it contains magnesium stearate from vegetable sources.

Melatonin refers to a hormone made by a brain part called the pineal. Melatonin helps bodies in understanding the time to go to bed and sleep and also the time to wake up. Melatonin is also available in pill form as they are available in natural and synthetic forms. Natural melatonin is manufactured from the pineal glands of the animals and this can get contaminated with virus. This is the reason that it is not recommended. Synthetic melatonin has no risk involved. Melatonin is used in treating insomnia and prevents jet lag. Melatonin promotes health or treats disease has very little scientific evidence. Some people have reported headache, stomach discomfort and depression, however further study is being done. Melatonin is available without the prescription of a doctor in the drug stores and health food stores in the United States. But, as it is not regulated by the government, the safety, purity and effectiveness is far from being guaranteed.

Phosphatidylcholine is a key phospholipid constituent of cell membranes hepatic lipoproteins and bile. It is commonly used in cell signaling pathways. Phosphatidylethanolamine can prove helpful in treating Alzheimer. Brains affected by Alzheimer comprise fewer synapses and decreased levels of synaptic proteins, membrane phosphatides, choline and DHA. Phosphatidylethanolamine utilizes pyrimidine and a PUFA (for example, docosahexaenoic acid), which can significantly enhance levels of membrane phosphatide and synaptic protein in gerbil brains. Phosphatidylethanolamine also helps regulate homocysteine. It is synthesized by two pathways, CDP-choline pathway and methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT). Recent research has suggested that PEMT is a significant consumer of methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and plays an important role in determining homocysteine pools.

Phosphatidylethanolamine can prove helpful in treating Alzheimer's. Brains affected by Alzheimer's comprise fewer synapses and decreased levels of synaptic proteins, membrane phosphatides, choline and DHA. Phosphatidylethanolamine utilizes pyrimidine and a PUFA (for example, docosahexaenoic acid), which can significantly enhance levels of membrane phosphatide and synaptic protein in gerbil brains. Phosphatidylethanolamine also helps regulate homocysteine. It is synthesized by two pathways, CDP-choline pathway and methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine by phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT). Recent research has suggested that PEMT is a significant consumer of methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and plays an important role in determining homocysteine pools.

Propionyl Carnitine ethyl ester is a short chain of carnitine ester. It is commonly used for supporting aging male’s health and reducing fatigue. It helps transport fatty acids into the muscle cells, stimulating the production of more energy. It improves the metabolism and helps burn fats. It ensures that the fats are burned first to use for energy. It also fights free radicals damages in the body. It is also improves blood circulation, and is good for preventing and treating angina, heart attack, and other heart conditions. Aside from balancing cholesterol level, it also helps in maintaining the blood sugar level. It also help men with regards to erection problems.

Usnic Acid is a naturally occurring compound found in several lichen species. At room temprature it is a yellow solid substance having bitter taste. Its role in Lichens is not completely established yet but it is believed that usnic acid protects the lichen from adverse effects of sunlight exposure and deters grazing animals with its bitter taste. It is used in medicine as a potent antibiotic against gram positive bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Pneumococcus, as well as some pathogenic fungi. Its salt form sodium usniate is used in supplements for weight reduction. It is also used in cosmetics and perfumary as an active principle and also as a preservative.

Vitamin E consists of eight related vitamins that are all fat soluble and have antioxidant properties. The alpha-, beta-, gamma- and delta-tocopherols with the corresponding tocotrienols all belong to the Vitamin E group, whereby the alpha-tocopherol has been found to be the most bioavailable form. Vitamin E is commonly found in food sources like eggs, milk, nuts, seeds, vegetable oil like olive oil, wholegrain foods, wheat germ, red palm oil, but also in asparagus and avocado fruits. While Vitamin E is a powerful antioxidant, several other properties have been noted as well, such as prevention of damage to neurons, cholesterol reduction and cancer prevention. Vitamin E has been also identified as a vital signaling molecule, whereby the primary necessity of Vitamin E to human survival is still not clear.